Wednesday, 10 December 2014

The Tools of Professional Inquiry

Before writing my Inquiry plan I needed time to think about what tool/methods I would use. After reading reader 6 I needed to think about which tools would best suit my Inquiry

First of all I needed to consider the strengths of each 4 tools as well as potential problems and there relevance in my inquiry.

Observations are a great insight into how classes are run, how teachers conduct their classes differently and what effect this has on students. Observing classes during my inquiry would allow me to analyse student’s motivation throughout a class and what influences their motivation. I would be able to gather kinesics data and it may give me insight into student behaviour that I might not get using other tools/methods. But there are ethical problems to consider. I would obviously need to gain informed consent from my 'Gatekeeper' and also the teacher whose lesson I was observing. However, I would also need to gain the consent of the students participating in the class and here lies the dilemma, for me to inform the students of my observation and its reasons I would need to divulge the topic if my inquiry. This could possibly affect the behaviour of the students during the class and the data I receive would not be authentic. Pip Spalton is dealing with this issue, she is concerned that once her students are aware of the topic of her inquiry they will act in such a way as to affect the results. While I don't feel the students would intentionally affect my results they may be more motivated to perform while I was watching and recording their behaviour whether they knew my topic of inquiry was motivation or not, for this reason I don't think that observation in my inquiry would be a valuable tool.  

The qualitative research interview seeks to describe and the meanings of central themes in the life world of the subjects. The main task in interviewing is to understand the meaning of what the interviewees say.
(Kvale,1996)

Interviews are a more personal form of research, the interviewer works directly with the respondent to get information, stories and feelings behind experiences.  

Interviews would be valuable in my inquiry but I would need to insure that I choose a type that would be suitable to my inquiry. I would need quite a considerable amount of time to conduct one to one interviews, although I feel students may be more honest with their answers. A group interview would be less demanding on my time and allow me contact with more students, however I feel that a focus group would be most beneficial for my inquiry as it will encourage interaction between students and help them to feel more comfortable which will lead to more open and honest answers. I will be able to study my students over a period of time and monitor and record and changes in their attitude. I will need to be well prepared and be able to bring the conversation back to topic should it divert. I will need to be aware of people’s personality dynamics and ensure that all participants interact and have opportunity to voice their ideas or opinions. The possible problems need to be considered, transcribing and gathering data from focus groups can be difficult I will need to remind participants to talk slowly and clearly and state their name before talking. Students talking at once will also present a problem for clarity on a recording, I will also make written notes during the focus group to back up my recording.  I will need time to correctly prepare the room before my focus group. I have found some literature on focus groups that will help me to plan, prepare, conduct and analyse the results.

How to organise and run a focus groups talks about developing you focus group the work you will need to do in preparation, during and (although not in great detail ) after. Topics include developing your questions and selecting our participants. There is also a useful appendix on using questions to control the flow of focus group discussions. I think this might come in handy to help combat the problem of keeping students on topic it discusses open questions, closed questions, probes and summary questions amount others. Although it is not greatly detailed I find this might be a good source for reference when planning my focus group.

Focus Groups as Qualitative Research planning and research design for focus groups addresses the planning that must be done prior to doing focus groups. The framework is based on Kirk and Miller's (1986) general description of the four phases of qualitative research: planning, observation, analysis, and reporting. It is a more detailed piece and will be of benefit in the early stages of planning.

http://www.rowan.edu/colleges/chss/facultystaff/focusgrouptoolkit.pdf will be of most use while planning and conducting my focus groups. the first section of this document is entitled Research Basics it discusses ethical considerations such as confidentiality, Voluntary Participation and respect for rights before moving on to discuss building a rapport with participants a topic that will be important if wish to receive open and honest answers to my questions. Other topics covers include Listening skills, questions to ask and time management. The next chapter Planning and Conducting Focus Groups covers guiding principles, Steps in Planning Focus Groups, tips for conducting a focus group, difficult situations (which includes examples of common situations that can occur and what you can do in each of these situations.) and Qualities of an Effective Focus Group Facilitator. This final section entitled Instruments gives you check lists for what you will need while conducting a focus group and an example of a note taking form and participation consent form.  

Surveys provide a high level of general capability in representing a large population. Due to the number of people who answer surveys being larger than other methods of research, the data gathered possess a more informed view of the general consensus for that area of study It is therefore easier to find statistically significant results than other data gathering methods. Surveys can be administered to the participants through a variety of ways, via e-mail or fax, or can be administered through the Internet. Nowadays, the online survey method has been the most popular way of gathering data from target participants, however I feel that this method will not be of use to me as most of the students are living away from home some may not have access to a computer at their residence. Researcher biases is eliminated from the information obtained as participants are given standardized stimuli. However, questions can sometimes be misinterpreted if they are not clear in content and it can sometimes produce a poor result from lack of participation. I feel a survey will be useful to my inquiry as an initial source for gathering information and general agreement within the area of motivation, once analysed I will be able to use the data I have acquired to shape my focus group questions and further focus the aims of my inquiry.

While planning my survey there are some things that require attention
·        The language used should be clear and simple. Two short questions, each covering one point, are better than one longer question which covers two points at once.
·        The order of questions should take into account the sensitivities of the person to whom they are addressed
·        Whether to use closed or open ended questions.

And remember….

KISS - Keep It Simple Stupid. Break complex questions into digestible parts. Keep the survey to a sensible length - probably 20 minutes to complete it is a sensible limit of most people's tolerance.

businessballs.com. 


I found taking a little time to think through each of the tools gave me insight into how they would fit into my inquiry and has allowed me to figure out which would be most beneficial.    

Resources 

businessballs.com. 2012. Employee Motivation: Principles of improving employee motivation and empowerment. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.businessballs.com/employeemotivation.htm. [Accessed 10 December 14].

Explorable Psychology Experiments. 2012. The Survey Guide. [ONLINE] Available at: https://explorable.com/course/the-survey-guide. [Accessed 08 December 14].


Kvale, Steinar. Interviews An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing, Sage Publications, 1996

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